Heat flowing through a copper bar with one end in a fire is an example of heat flow by?

Heat flowing through a copper bar with one end in a fire is a prime example of conduction. Conduction is the process by which heat energy is transferred through materials without any movement of the material itself. In this scenario, the fire heats up one end of the copper bar, causing the metal atoms at that end to vibrate more rapidly. These vibrations are passed along to adjacent atoms in the bar, effectively transferring heat from the hot end to the cooler end through direct contact of the particles within the solid material.

This transfer of energy occurs because metals like copper are good conductors of heat, allowing thermal energy to move quickly through them. Since the heat is conducted along the bar rather than transferred via fluids (as in convection) or electromagnetic waves (as in radiant heat), conduction is the most accurate description of the heat flow in this case.