What device regulates refrigerant flow based on load conditions?

The device that regulates refrigerant flow based on load conditions is an expansion valve. This component plays a critical role in the refrigeration cycle by controlling the amount of refrigerant that enters the evaporator. As the cooling load changes, the expansion valve adjusts its opening to either increase or decrease the flow of refrigerant according to the demands of the system.

When the system experiences a higher load—meaning that more cooling is required—the expansion valve opens wider to allow more refrigerant to flow into the evaporator, enhancing the cooling effect. Conversely, during lower load conditions, the valve closes partially, reducing the refrigerant flow and helping to maintain efficiency. This modulation is essential for optimal system performance and energy efficiency, as it directly influences how effectively the system can meet the desired cooling needs.

In contrast, the receiver typically acts as a storage tank for liquid refrigerant, and the capillary tube serves as a fixed restriction, providing no regulation capability based on load. The compressor, while essential for circulating refrigerant, does not regulate flow but rather compresses the refrigerant to raise its pressure and temperature for further movement through the system.